Abstract: Buildings in Europe account for 40 percent of all energy use; therefore, it is crucial to monitor building energy usage levels,...

Abstract Construction industry is behind the advanced technology compared to the other sectors. While many industries improved rapidly...

-Reflection Paper- The meaning of the object in the environment takes place with the establishment of the object-space relationship....

-Reflection Paper- Rosenstein Pavilion was built for a construction bionics exhibition in Stuttgart. Concrete structure demonstrates...

Frei Otto and his team studied an “optimized path system” which is similar to Gaudi’s chain modelling for Sagrada Familia. Finding-form...

-Reflection Paper- Materials, structural systems form the space, using the current methods to restrict the potential of material. While...